Heart disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, but many of its most common risk factors are preventable or manageable with the right approach. Dr Sudipta Mohanty , a renowned cardiovascular expert, discusses the leading risks to heart health and offers practical advice for individuals looking to protect their hearts and lead healthier lives.
1. High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
High blood pressure is often referred to as the “silent killer” because it can damage the heart and arteries without showing any immediate symptoms. Dr. Mohanty emphasizes the importance of regularly monitoring blood pressure, especially for individuals over 40 or those with a family history of hypertension. Uncontrolled high blood pressure can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. The key to managing it is a combination of lifestyle changes, such as reducing salt intake, exercising regularly, and maintaining a healthy weight. In some cases, medication prescribed by a healthcare provider may be necessary.
2. High Cholesterol Levels
Cholesterol is a fatty substance found in the blood that can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries. Dr Sudipta Mohanty explains that low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or “bad” cholesterol, is the primary culprit in arterial plaque formation, which can restrict blood flow and lead to heart disease. Keeping cholesterol levels in check is essential for cardiovascular health. A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, along with regular exercise, can help reduce LDL levels. Dr. Mohanty advises regular cholesterol screenings to monitor progress and catch any issues early. For individuals who are unable to manage cholesterol through lifestyle changes alone, medications such as statins may be recommended.
3. Diabetes and Insulin Resistance
Diabetes and insulin resistance significantly increase the risk of developing heart disease. High blood sugar levels from diabetes can damage blood vessels, increase inflammation, and make it more difficult for the heart to function efficiently. Dr. Mohanty stresses the importance of managing blood sugar levels through diet, exercise, and, when necessary, medication. For individuals with prediabetes or a family history of diabetes, lifestyle changes such as reducing sugar intake and staying physically active can help prevent the onset of the disease and reduce heart health risks.
4. Smoking
Smoking is one of the most dangerous habits when it comes to heart health. Dr. Mohanty explains that smoking damages blood vessels, increases blood pressure, and reduces oxygen levels in the blood. These effects significantly increase the risk of heart disease. The good news is that quitting smoking can have immediate and long-lasting benefits for heart health. Dr Sudipta Mohanty encourages those who smoke to seek support through smoking cessation programs, medications, or counseling to help break the habit and reduce their risk of heart disease.
5. Sedentary Lifestyle and Obesity
A sedentary lifestyle and obesity are both closely linked to several heart disease risk factors, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes. Dr. Mohanty emphasizes the importance of regular physical activity in maintaining heart health. Simple activities like walking, cycling, or swimming for at least 30 minutes a day can strengthen the heart, improve circulation, and help maintain a healthy weight. Additionally, reducing sedentary behavior, such as sitting for long periods, can contribute to overall heart health.